#!/bin/bash # This software is licenced to you under the Gnu General Puclic License (GPL) # version 2 of the License, or (at your option) any later version. # See http://www.gnu.org/ version=1.1 # 1.1, 2005-11-28, Hauke Laging # - check UUID in config file in order to make sure the script has been configured for this system # - bug fix: set mount_ok=no before trying to mount # - exit code 4 added for config file errors # - check for the availability of necessary programs # - try to mount a file system before checking # - cleanup on every kind of exit # - bug fix: $force_this_fsck must be reset for each entry # - report at the end which volumes have been checked # version 1.0, 2005-08-14, Hauke Laging, mail@hauke-laging.de, http://www.hauke-laging.de/ # to do # - support more file systems (reiser4, xfs) # DESCRIPTION # This script is intended to be called by the start scripts of a second Linux installation # in order to fix file system errors within the main installation. This allows even users # with no technical knowledge to get their system running again by selecting the right # entry in their boot manager menu. It is necessary that this script has been correctly # configured before by its administrator. It checks if that has been done before action. # USAGE # This script does not use command line arguments. For the possible contents of the # configuration file see the lines following "# VARIABLE DEFAULTS" in this script and # the variable explanations after the line "# variables". If there is no configuration file # this script creates a template so just run it. # Licence and warning # This script is licenced to you under the newest official version of the # GNU Public Licence (GPL) at the date of release. This basically means that # you are free to use, modify and distribute this program at no cost. # This program probably contains bugs despite testing which may damage your # data though this is improbable. Don't use it (or install it for others) if # you neither can check this code yourself nor can have somebody you trust # do this for you nor want to take this risk. I cannot help you if you run # into problems. # requirements # All necessary kernel modules have to be loaded (e.g. file systems, LVM). # This is a critical requirement when upgrading the main Linux installation # and not upgrading the service installtation either. # Programs (all in $PATH): awk, e2fsck, reiserfsck, mktemp # For all features: blkid # restrictions # supported file systems: ext2, ext3, reiserfs # The pseudo type "auto" is not supported! # "Must reboot" exit codes of file system check programs are not considered because # this script is intended to be run during a Linux boot after which the system # is rebooted anyway. # The mount options loop and encryption are not supported yet. # hint for testing and modifying this script # All configuration variables can be taken from the environment. This makes # it easy to test and modify this script within a Linux installation # different from the one it is intended to be run from finally. Simply # write a small wrapper script which exports the variables you want to # modify and call the script from that wrapper script then. Thus you can # simply copy a modified version of the script to the other Linux installation # without having to care about the overwritten variable values. # # This script was written and tested under Novell/SuSE Linux 9.3. # exit codes # 0: all run fsck processes were successful (no statement about skipped entries!) # 1: internal error (e.g. a bug) # 3: At least one fsck process returned with an error or not even the root partition could be mounted # 4: config file error # 5: necessary program unavailable # 6: aborted by user request # 7: forced reboot after fsck of the root partition # variables # # hard coded in the script # config_file: path # # predefined (can be supplied by the environment) # rootpartition: the device # root_fs_type: ext2 | ext3 | reiserfs # force_repair: yes | no - try to repair the file system even if that is dangerous (--rebuild-tree) # root_fs_mount_point: where to mount the root partition # check_all_fs: yes | no - check even file systems with noauto option or check value 0 # stdin: device file # ask_for_every_volume: yes | no - if set to yes, every file system check has to be confirmed # mount_root_fs: yes | no # dont_modify_stdio: yes | no - if set to yes the file descriptors 0, 1 and 2 are not changed; mind setting $stdin! # # run time # mount_rc: int # mount_ok: yes | no # fsck_success: yes | no # fsck_rc: int # device: path # mount_point: path # filesystem: string # mount_options: string # dump: int # check_fs: int # tmp: mix # answer_ok: yes | no # answer: string # skipped_entry: yes | no # force_this_fsck: yes | no # all_fsck_ok: yes | no # vars_to_be_set_in_cf: array of names of variables which MUST be set in the config file # uuid: UUID of the root partition # root_volume_installation: device name of the root partition of the running system, taken from /proc/cmdline # import_successful: yes | no # necessary_programs: array of the names of the needed programs # configured_uuid: this is the UUID stored in the config file # this_fs_is_ok: yes | no # non_rootfs_mount_point: path # uuid_check: yes | no : skip check of needed program is unavailable # uuid_show: string # clean_volumes: array of device names - those volumes which could be mounted without being checked # skipped_volumes: array of device names - those volumes which have not been tried to be mounted # simple_check_volumes: array of device names - e2fsck and reiserfsck --fix-fixable # complex_check_volumes: array of device names - reiserfsck --rebuild-tree # failed_check_volumes: array of device names # must_reboot: yes | no # i: int set -a # export new variables and functions cleanup () { # umount non root fs and remove tmp directory umount "$non_rootfs_mount_point" &>/dev/null rmdir "$non_rootfs_mount_point" if [ "$mount_ok" = yes -a "$mount_root_fs" = no ] then echo "Trying to umount the root file system..." umount "$root_fs_mount_point" || echo "umount failed." fi } # cleanup () reboot_rootfs () { tmp= type init &>/dev/null && tmp=init type telinit &>/dev/null && tmp=telinit echo "The root file system has been repaired but the system must reboot" >&2 echo "before the file system can be mounted." echo if [ -n "$tmp" ] then echo "Thus the system is rebooted now by the command '$tmp 6'. If this does" echo "not work you MUST reboot yourself NOW!" $tmp 6 else echo "Due to strange circumstances this script cannot reboot this system" echo "thus you MUST reboot yourself NOW!" fi exit 7 } echo echo "ATTENTION:" echo "This script is going to modify your file systems!" echo "It will not do this directly but with the help of the respective" echo "fsck program. Thus the risk of damaging your data is small but" echo "it is definitely there! This software has been written with caution" echo "and it has been testet but it probably does contain bugs." echo echo "If you are sure that you want to use this software AT YOUR OWN RISK" echo "then enter \"yes\" (without the \"\"). Otherwise this program will terminate." echo "This is a shell script. You are free to check the source code yourself." echo echo -n "Do you want to use this script (see above for correct answer)? " read tmp if [ "$tmp" != yes ] then echo "This program aborts now as you have requested." exit 6 fi echo trap cleanup EXIT config_file=/etc/linuxrec-fsck.conf all_fsck_ok=yes must_reboot=no declare -a clean_volumes simple_check_volumes complex_check_volumes skipped_volumes necessary_programs=(awk e2fsck reiserfsck mktemp) for tmp in ${necessary_programs[@]} do if ! type "${tmp}" &>/dev/null then echo "The necessary program $tmp is unavailable; aborting." >&2 exit 5 fi done type blkid &>/dev/null && uuid_check=yes || uuid_check=no root_volume_installation=$(awk '{for(i=1;i<=NF;i++){if($i~"^root=") {print substr($i,6);exit}}}' < /proc/cmdline) test $uuid_check = yes && uuid=$(blkid -s UUID $root_volume_installation | awk '{uuid=substr($2,7);uuid_len=length(uuid);print substr(uuid,1,uuid_len-1)}') non_rootfs_mount_point=$(mktemp -d /tmp_mout_point.XXXXXX) import_successful=no if ! [ -f "$config_file" -a -r "$config_file" ] then echo "config file ('$config_file') missing; aborting." >&2 if [ $uuid_check = yes ] then uuid_show=$uuid else uuid_show=unknown fi cat <"$config_file" # If the UUID is unavailable then this script could not determine it and you don't have # to find out because the script could not use tha value anyway. Probably the necessary # software (blkid) is not installed on your system. # # Correct the values, uncomment them and add any variables from the script which you want to override. # # configured_uuid=$uuid_show # rootpartition=/dev/hda1 # this is the root partition of the main Linux installation, that to be checked # root_fs_type=ext3 # or ext2 or reiserfs # root_fs_mount_point=/mnt/linuxroot EOT fi exit 4 else . "$config_file" fi # BEGIN: these have to be set in the config file vars_to_be_set_in_cf=(rootpartition root_fs_type root_fs_mount_point) for tmp in ${vars_to_be_set_in_cf[@]} do if [ -z "${!tmp}" ] then echo "The variable '$tmp' has neither been set in the environment nor in the config file; aborting." >&2 exit 4 fi done #: ${rootpartition:=/dev/hda1} #: ${root_fs_type:=ext3} #: ${root_fs_mount_point:=/mnt/linuxroot} # END: these have to be set in the config file if ! [ -b "$rootpartition" -a -d "$root_fs_mount_point" -a \( "$root_fs_type" = ext2 -o "$root_fs_type" = ext3 -o "$root_fs_type" = reiserfs \) ] then echo "Invalid values in the configuration file; aborting" >&2 exit 4 fi if [ $uuid_check = yes ] then if [ -z "$configured_uuid" ] then echo "The variable \$configured_uuid has not been set in the config file; aborting." >&2 echo "The UUID of this system is $uuid" >&2 exit 4 else if [ "$configured_uuid" != "$uuid" ] then echo "The configured UUID ('$configured_uuid') does not match the one of this system ('$uuid'); aborting." >&2 fi fi else echo "On this system this script cannot validate the configuration by comparing the UUIDs." echo "Continue only if you are sure that the configuration is correct." echo echo "root volume of the main installation (the one to be checked): $rootpartition" echo "root file system (the one on $rootpartition): $root_fs_type" echo "mount point for the root file system: $root_fs_mount_point" echo echo -n "Do you want to continue? (y/n)" read tmp if [ "$tmp" != y ] then echo "This script aborts now as you have requested." exit 6 fi fi # VARIABLE DEFAULTS : ${force_repair:=yes} : ${check_all_fs:=no} : ${stdin:=/dev/tty} : ${ask_for_every_volume:=no} : ${mount_root_fs:=yes} : ${dont_modify_stdio:=no} if [ "$dont_modify_stdio" != yes ] then exec 0<> $stdin 1>&0 2>&0 # standard input and output is not necessarily the console for boot scripts fi echo "This is the script '$0' which will repair the file systems of " >&2 echo "the Linux installation on '${rootpartition}'." >&2 if [ "$ask_for_every_volume" = yes ] then echo "Press enter to start the script." read answer echo $'\n' fi shopt -s extglob # allow better case branches mkdir -p "$root_fs_mount_point" || { echo "error, aborting" >&2; exit 1; } fsck_success=yes awk -v dev="$rootpartition" -v mp="$root_fs_mount_point" -v mounted=no '{if ($1==dev || $2==mp)mounted="yes"};END {if(mounted=="yes") exit 1}' /proc/mounts || { echo "The root partition ('$rootpartition') is already mounted; terminating..." >&2; exit 1; } # BEGIN: check and mount the root file system mount_ok=no case "$root_fs_type" in ext2|ext3) echo "Trying to mount the root file system (on '$rootpartition') at '$root_fs_mount_point'" mount -t "$root_fs_type" "$rootpartition" "$root_fs_mount_point";mount_rc=$? mount_ok=yes clean_volumes[0]="$rootpartition ($root_fs_type)" if [ $mount_rc -ne 0 ] then mount_ok=no echo "Mount failed, trying to repair the file system (with e2fsck -f -y)" e2fsck -f -y "$rootpartition";fsck_rc=$? test $fsck_rc -eq 0 -o $fsck_rc -eq 1 -o $fsck_rc -eq 2 && fsck_success=yes || fsck_success=no test $fsck_rc -eq 2 && reboot_rootfs test $fsck_success = yes && mount -t "$root_fs_type" "$rootpartition" "$root_fs_mount_point" && mount_ok=yes test $mount_ok = yes && { tmp=${#simple_check_volumes[*]};simple_check_volumes[$tmp]="$rootpartition ($root_fs_type)"; } fi ;; reiserfs) mount -t "$root_fs_type" "$rootpartition" "$root_fs_mount_point";mount_rc=$? mount_ok=yes if [ $mount_rc -ne 0 ] then mount_ok=no echo "Mount failed, trying to repair the file system (with reiserfsck --fix-fixable)" echo Yes | reiserfsck --fix-fixable "$rootpartition";fsck_rc=$? test $fsck_rc -eq 0 -o $fsck_rc -eq 1 -o $fsck_rc -eq 2 && fsck_success=yes || fsck_success=no test $fsck_rc -eq 2 && reboot_rootfs test $mount_ok = yes && { tmp=${#simple_check_volumes[*]};simple_check_volumes[$tmp]="$rootpartition ($root_fs_type)"; } if [ $fsck_rc -eq 4 -a ] then echo "reiserfsck --fix-fixable failed, trying reiserfsck --rebuild-tree" if [ "$force_repair" != yes ] then answer_ok=no while [ $answer_ok = no -a "$ask_for_every_volume" = yes ] do # clear echo "Shall the root partition ${rootpartition} " echo "with file system ${filesystem} be repaired with the option --rebuild-tree? (y/n)" echo "Warning: This is dangerous. Press 'y' only if you know what you are doing " echo " - or if you don't have any other option." read answer < $stdin test "$answer" = y -o "$answer" = Y -o "$answer" = n -o "$answer" = Y && { answer_ok=yes; break; } echo "Wrong answer, please try again"$'\n'$'\n' echo sleep 2 done force_this_fsck=no test "$answer" = y -o "$answer" = Y && force_this_fsck=yes fi if [ "$force_repair" = yes -o "$force_this_fsck" = yes ] then force_this_fsck=no echo Yes | reiserfsck --rebuild-tree "$rootpartition";fsck_rc=$? test $fsck_rc -eq 0 -o $fsck_rc -eq 1 -o $fsck_rc -eq 2 && fsck_success=yes || fsck_success=no test $fsck_rc -eq 2 && reboot_rootfs test $mount_ok = yes && { tmp=${#complex_check_volumes[*]};complex_check_volumes[$tmp]="$rootpartition ($root_fs_type)"; } fi fi test $fsck_success = yes && mount -t "$root_fs_type" "$rootpartition" "$root_fs_mount_point" && mount_ok=yes else clean_volumes[0]="$rootpartition ($root_fs_type)" fi ;; *) mount_ok=no all_fsck_ok=no echo "unsupported file system '$root_fs_type'" >&2 ;; esac # END: check and mount the root file system if [ $mount_ok = no ] then all_fsck_ok=no echo "The root file system of the main Linux installation ('${rootpartition}') could not be mounted." >&2 echo "Please consult an Linux expert." >&2 exit 3 fi echo "The root file system was successfully mounted." # BEGIN: check all fstab entries while read device mount_point filesystem mount_options dump check_fs tmp do echo if [ "$ask_for_every_volume" = yes -a "$skipped_entry" != yes ] then echo "Press enter to continue with the next volume in fstab." read answer < $stdin echo $'\n' else echo "The next entry is processed now." sleep 1 fi skipped_entry=no if [ "$device" = "" -o "${device:0:1}" = "#" ] # skip empty and comment lines then echo "Skipping an empty or comment line." >&2 skipped_entry=yes tmp=${#skipped_volumes[*]};skipped_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" continue fi if [ "$filesystem" = swap -o "$filesystem" = proc -o "$filesystem" = devpts -o "$filesystem" = usbdevfs -o "$filesystem" = usbfs -o "$filesystem" = sysfs -o "$filesystem" = subfs -o "$filesystem" = none ] # skip special entries (swap, proc, usbdevfs, none...) then echo "Skipping special entry ('${filesystem}')." >&2 skipped_entry=yes tmp=${#skipped_volumes[*]};skipped_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" continue fi if ! [ -b "$device" ] # skip lines with invalid device then echo "Skipping a line with the invalid device '$device'." >&2 skipped_entry=yes tmp=${#skipped_volumes[*]};skipped_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" continue fi if [ "$mount_point" = / -o ${device} = "$rootpartition" ] # skip the already mounted root file system then echo "Skipping the root file system." >&2 skipped_entry=yes tmp=${#skipped_volumes[*]};skipped_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" continue fi if [ "$check_all_fs" != yes ] && [ "${mount_options//noauto}" != "${mount_options}" -o ${check_fs} -eq 0 ] # skip noauto and "nofsck" lines then echo "Skipping an entry with noauto option or fsck field 0 ('${device}')." >&2 skipped_entry=yes tmp=${#skipped_volumes[*]};skipped_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" continue fi if [ "${mount_options//loop}" != "${mount_options}" -o "${mount_options//encryption}" != "${mount_options}" ] # skip lines with loop or encryption option then echo "Skipping an entry with loop or encryption option ('${device}'; not supported yet)." >&2 skipped_entry=yes tmp=${#skipped_volumes[*]};skipped_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" continue fi if [ "$filesystem" != ext2 -a "$filesystem" != ext3 -a "$filesystem" != reiserfs ] # skip unsupported file system types then echo "Skipping an entry with unsupported file system ('$device', '$filesystem')." >&2 skipped_entry=yes tmp=${#skipped_volumes[*]};skipped_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" continue fi # try to mount the file system; if successful no fsck is necessary this_fs_is_ok=no if mount -t "$filesystem" "$device" "$non_rootfs_mount_point" &>/dev/null then echo "The $filesystem file system on $device could be mounted - no check necessary, entry skipped." tmp=${#clean_volumes[*]};clean_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)" umount "$non_rootfs_mount_point" skipped_entry=yes continue fi answer_ok=no while [ $answer_ok = no -a "$ask_for_every_volume" = yes ] do # clear echo "Shall the partition ${device} (belonging to '$mount_point') with file system ${filesystem} be repaired? (y/n)" read answer < $stdin test "$answer" = y -o "$answer" = Y -o "$answer" = n -o "$answer" = Y && { answer_ok=yes; break; } echo "Wrong answer, please try again"$'\n'$'\n' echo sleep 2 done test "$answer" = n -o "$answer" = N -a "$ask_for_every_volume" = yes && continue case "$filesystem" in ext2|ext3) echo "Trying to repair the file system on '$device' (with e2fsck -f -y)" e2fsck -f -y "$device";fsck_rc=$? test $fsck_rc -eq 0 -o $fsck_rc -eq 1 -o $fsck_rc -eq 2 && fsck_success=yes || fsck_success=no test $fsck_rc -eq 2 && must_reboot=yes test $fsck_success = yes && { tmp=${#simple_check_volumes[*]};simple_check_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)"; } test $fsck_success != yes && { tmp=${#failed_check_volumes[*]};failed_check_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)"; } ;; reiserfs) echo "Trying to repair the file system on '$device' (with reiserfsck --fix-fixable)" echo Yes | reiserfsck --fix-fixable "$device";fsck_rc=$? test $fsck_rc -eq 0 -o $fsck_rc -eq 1 -o $fsck_rc -eq 2 && fsck_success=yes || fsck_success=no test $fsck_rc -eq 2 && must_reboot=yes test $fsck_success = yes && { tmp=${#simple_check_volumes[*]};simple_check_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)"; } test $fsck_success != yes && { tmp=${#failed_check_volumes[*]};failed_check_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)"; } if [ $fsck_rc -eq 4 ] then echo "reiserfsck --fix-fixable failed, trying reiserfsck --rebuild-tree" if [ "$force_repair" != yes ] then answer_ok=no while [ $answer_ok = no -a "$ask_for_every_volume" = yes ] do # clear echo "Shall the partition ${device} (belonging to '$mount_point') " echo "with file system ${filesystem} be repaired with the option --rebuild-tree? (y/n)" echo "Warning: This is dangerous. Press 'y' only if you know what you are doing " echo " - or if you don't have any other option." read answer < $stdin test "$answer" = y -o "$answer" = Y -o "$answer" = n -o "$answer" = Y && { answer_ok=yes; break; } echo "Wrong answer, please try again"$'\n'$'\n' echo sleep 2 done test "$answer" = y -o "$answer" = Y && force_this_fsck=yes fi if [ "$force_repair" = yes -o "$force_this_fsck" = yes ] then force_this_fsck=no echo Yes | reiserfsck --rebuild-tree "$device";fsck_rc=$? test $fsck_rc -eq 0 -o $fsck_rc -eq 1 -o $fsck_rc -eq 2 && fsck_success=yes || fsck_success=no test $fsck_rc -eq 2 && must_reboot=yes test $fsck_success = yes && { tmp=${#complex_check_volumes[*]};complex_check_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)"; } test $fsck_success != yes && { tmp=${#failed_check_volumes[*]};failed_check_volumes[$tmp]="$device ($filesystem)"; } fi fi ;; *) skipped_entry=yes echo "Unsupported file system '$root_fs_type' on volume '${device}'; skipped" >&2 continue ;; esac if [ "$fsck_success" = yes ] then echo "The file system on volume '${device}' has been successfully repaired." else echo "The file system on volume '${device}' could not be repaired; please consult a Linux expert." all_fsck_ok=no fi echo done < "${root_fs_mount_point}/etc/fstab" # END: check all fstab entries echo echo "Results:" echo "These volumes were clean:" tmp=${#clean_volumes[*]} for((i=0;i